The most prevalent, numerous, and varied kind of glial cells in the central nervous system are called astrocytes. They perform a variety of vital tasks, such as providing the structural and metabolic support necessary for neurons and other neuronal cells to function normally. A growing body of research has demonstrated that astrocytes are essential for controlling myelin sheath formation, which is the process of encasing axons in myelin sheath to speed up electrical pulse transmission. Moreover, astrocytes regulate the growth of neurons by secreting chemicals that form synapses and pruning unnecessary synapses. One of the pathological causes of numerous diseases, such as trauma, stroke, and multiple sclerosis, is thought to be astrocyte dysfunction.