Astrocytes are large glial cells more abundant than the neurons in the central nervous system. Astrocytes are usually star-shaped glial cells extending radially from the cell body, and their morphology can change. Astrocytes have been shown to be dysfunctional in certain neurodegenerative diseases, such as Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The specific functions of astrocytes are:
Maintain extracellular ion balance
Provide structural support for neurons
Regulate synaptic transmission, including transmitter uptake and release and potassium uptake
Provide nutrients such as lactic acid and glucose to neurons
Support repair and regeneration after central nervous system injury
Remove debris by phagocytosis
Learn more: Astrocyte Markers