They are added as the player interacts with the environment or consumes items.

List of existing effects:

Hungry: Have less than 20% Hunger.

Famished: Have 5% Hunger, replace Hungry.

Thirsty: Have less than 20% Thirst.

Dehydrating: Have 5% Thirst, replace Thirsty.

Disoriented: Have less than 20% Oxygen ambient or 8% with helmet.

Suffocation: Have 10% Oxygen ambient or 5% with helmet, replace Disoriented.